Jamaica, Cuba, Colombia: Black Nationalism, Afro-Futurism, and

Reggae
The Wailers play "You Can't Blame the Youth" - Peter Tosh sings, 1973


Rastafarianism
Marcus Garvey (above), Ras Tafari Makonnen, Haile Selassie (below)























Rasta Nyabinghi


Nyabinghi in Reggae - The Wailers' Rastaman Chant, 1973

another Bob Marley Nyabinghi Reggae: "Babylon System"




Arsenio Rodríguez

Arsenio's "Fuego en el 23" ("Fire on 23rd Street")


Arsenio's "Bruca manigua" ("Maroon Magician of the Forest")

All of this is very different from the elite Afro-Cubanism that was happening at the same time, like that of Bola de Nieve (here, singing "El Manicero," about a black peanut vendor)



Transnationalism and Technology

Black American Curtis Mayfield's "People Get Ready"


Bob Marley's "One Love" borrows from Mayfield's song


Technology and Afro-Futurism
Lee "Scratch" Perry produced "People Funny" - with crying baby

Another wierd Scratch production, "Thanks We Get" (1974) Junior Byles sings

And another, here with the Wailers, "Mr. Brown"

Later dub, here from master experimentalist King Tubby:

The dub aesthetic in reggae. Eek-A-Mouse's 1982 "Noah's Ark" - Dub breakdown around 2:40
The Riddim Method

Dillinger and the Bretford Harmonics' "High Fashion Christmas" (1976) - first appearance of the "Hi-Fashion Riddim"

Freddie Macgregor's "Bobby Babylon" (1979)

Horace Martin's "Tired Body" (late 70s?)

A mix of Hi-Fashion riddim hits from 1980-81:
Barrington Levy - Mine Yuh Mouth (1981)/Louie Lepkie - Late Night Movie (1981/Dillinger - Kublicon (1980)/Ranking Joe - Leave Fi Mi Girl Arlene (~1980)

Dub on the Hi-Fashion Riddim: Scientist's "Dub Bible"


U-Roy Toasting

Full digital - from analog to digital, reggae to ragga
Wayne Smith's "Under Me Sleng Teng" (1985), the first fully computerized riddim

Super Cat on the same riddim